Parents' anxiety and stress about their children returning to school during the Pandemic of Coviod19

Khalifa, Sanaa Mostafa; Mostafa Abd Elzaher, Omima; Elsayed Yousef, Youssria; Shehata Mohamed, Hosnia

doi:10.21608/pssjn.2022.83876.1122

Parents' anxiety and stress about their children returning to school during the Pandemic of Coviod19

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

¹ psychiatric and mental health nursing

² Lecturer of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Sohag University, Egypt

³ Professor of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Sohag University, Egypt

⁴ Assistant professor of Psychiatrics and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Assiut University, Egypt

10.21608/pssjn.2022.83876.1122

Abstract

Background: The new coronavirus disease has dispersal rapidly all over the world, and the crumbling from the pandemic is still unfolding. Aim: Assess parents' anxiety and stress about their children returning to school during the pandemic of Coviod19. Subjects and method: Design:- Correlational descriptive designs. Setting: the study was conduct at assiut governorate six educational district were selected randomly among eleven educational district affiliated to Ministry of Education. Subjects: Purposive and convenience sampling, consists of 310 parents. Tools: Demographic characteristics, The Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale - (DASS-21) and The Impact of Event Scale (IES) were used to collect study data. Results: The detection rates of dysfunctional anxiety associated with the coronavirus crisis, subjective distress related to a specific event and stress in children’ parents. There were a positive proportional relationship between parents’ anxiety, dysfunctional distress and parents’ stress. Parental gender and occupation were significant predictor factors of parents’ CAS score. Conclusion: More than half had severe stress from COVID-19 pandemic. There is a statistically significant difference between anxiety and distress. Also, there is statistically significant relation between distress and stress. Recommendations: Intervention and educational program to reduce parental stress, anxiety and improving the emotional and social support of parent.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health

References

Allen, H. L., & Sommers, B. D. (2020). Medicaid and COVID-19: at the center of both health and economic crises. Jama, 324(2), 135-136.‏

Bastiaansen, C., Verspeek, E., & van Bakel, H. (2021). Gender Differences in the Mitigating Effect of Co-Parenting on Parental Burnout: The Gender Dimension Applied to COVID-19 Restrictions and Parental Burnout Levels. Social Sciences, 10(4), 127.‏

Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The lancet, 395(10227), 912-920.‏

Calvano, C., Engelke, L., Di Bella, J., Kindermann, J., Renneberg, B., & Winter, S. M. (2021). Families in the COVID-19 pandemic: parental stress, parent mental health and the occurrence of adverse childhood experiences—results of a representative survey in Germany. European child & adolescent psychiatry, 1-13.‏

Campbell, A. M. (2020). An increasing risk of family violence during the Covid-19 pandemic: Strengthening community collaborations to save lives. Forensic science international: reports, 2, 100089.‏

Cusinato, M., Iannattone, S., Spoto, A., Poli, M., Moretti, C., Gatta, M., & Miscioscia, M. (2020). Stress, resilience, and well-being in Italian children and their parents during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(22), 8297.‏

Farajzadeh, A., Dehghanizadeh, M., Maroufizadeh, S., Amini, M., & Shamili, A. (2021). Predictors of mental health among parents of children with cerebral palsy during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran: A web-based cross-sectional study. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 112, 103890.‏

Fegert, J. M., Vitiello, B., Plener, P. L., & Clemens, V. (2020). Challenges and burden of the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic for child and adolescent mental health: a narrative review to highlight clinical and research needs in the acute phase and the long return to normality. Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health, 14, 1-11.‏

Guo, L., Xu, P. R., Yao, F., Zhang, F. Y., Qi, L., and Yang, F. H. (2020). The effect of acute stress disorder on Chinese public’s negative affective conditions under the severe pandemic: the moderating role of sociaql support. J. Southwest U. 42, 1–10

Holly, L. E., Fenley, A. R., Kritikos, T. K., Merson, R. A., Abidin, R. R., & Langer, D. A. (2019). Evidence-base update for parenting stress measures in clinical samples. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 48(5), 685-705.‏

Holmes, E. A., O'Connor, R. C., Perry, V. H., Tracey, I., Wessely, S., Arseneault, L., ... & Bullmore, E. (2020). Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(6), 547-560.‏

Horowitz, M., Wilner, N., & Alvarez, W. (1979). Impact of Event Scale: A measure of subjective stress. Psychosomatic medicine, 41(3), 209-218.‏

Humphreys, K. L., Myint, M. T., & Zeanah, C. H. (2020). Increased risk for family violence during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pediatrics, 146(1).‏

Lee, S. A. (2020). Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: A brief mental health screener for COVID-19 related anxiety. Death studies, 44(7), 393-401.‏

Lee, S. J., Ward, K. P., Chang, O. D., & Downing, K. M. (2021). Parenting activities and the transition to home-based education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Children and Youth Services Review, 122, 105585.‏

Lovibond PF, Lovibond SH(1995). The structure of negative emotional states: comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behav Res Ther., 33 (3): 335-343.

Motta Zanin, G., Gentile, E., Parisi, A., & Spasiano, D. (2020). A preliminary evaluation of the public risk perception related to the COVID-19 health emergency in Italy. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(9), 3024.‏

Prime, H., Wade, M., & Browne, D. T. (2020). Risk and resilience in family well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. American Psychologist, 75(5), 631.‏

Qiu, J., Shen, B., Zhao, M., Wang, Z., Xie, B., & Xu, Y. (2020). A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations. General psychiatry, 33(2).‏

Saddik,B., Hussein,A. , Albanna,A., Elbarazi,I. , Al-Shujairi,A., Sharif-Askari F, Hani Temsah M, Stip E, Hamid Q, Halwaniet R(2020). Assessing the influence of parental anxiety on childhood anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Arab Emirates . medRxiv.

Unicef. (2020). COVID-19 response: Considerations for Children and Adults with Disabilities. Retrieved on 23rd May.‏

Upal, S. (2020). Which countries are on lockdown? What’s happening in France, Italy and Spain. The Sun. Retrieved from https://www. Thesun. co. uk/news/11233604/which-countries-are-on-coronavirus-lockdown-spain-italy.‏

Valentino-DeVries, J., Lu, D., & Dance, G. J. (2020). Location data says it all: Staying at home during coronavirus is a luxury. New York Times, 3.‏

Van Bavel, J. J., Baicker, K., Boggio, P. S., Capraro, V., Cichocka, A., Cikara, M., & Willer, R. (2020). Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response. Nature human behaviour, 4(5), 460-471.‏

Vanaken, L., Scheveneels, S., Belmans, E., & Hermans, D. (2020). Validation of the impact of event scale with modifications for COVID-19 (IES-COVID19). Frontiers in psychiatry, 11, 738.‏

Vinkers CH, van Amelsvoort T, Bisson JI, Branchi I, Cryan JF. Domschke K, Howes O, Manchia M, Pinto L, Quervain D, Schmidt M, Wee N (2020). Stress resilience during the coronavirus pandemic. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 35:12-16.

Wang, G., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhang, J., & Jiang, F. (2020). Mitigate the effects of home confinement on children during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet, 395(10228), 945-947.‏

World Health Organization. (2020). World Health Organization coronavirus disease (COVID-19) dashboard. World Health Organization.‏

Wu, M., Xu, W., Yao, Y., Zhang, L., Guo, L., Fan, J., & Chen, J. (2020). Mental health status of students’ parents during COVID-19 pandemic and its influence factors. General Psychiatry, 33(4).‏

Wu, O. and Xu,Y.(2020). Parenting stress and risk of child maltreatment during the COVID-19 pandemic: A family stress theory informed perspective. Developmental Child Welfare, Vol. 2(3) 180–196.

Yip, P. S. F., & Chau, P. H. (2020). Physical distancing and emotional closeness amidst COVID-19. Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention, 41(3), 153–155.

Yuan J, YH D, Xu W (2020). The anxiety and depression levels and influencing factors in patients with suspected corona virus disease 2019 in isolation]. Chongqing Yi Xue :1–10.