Relation between Expressed Emotion and Burden among Family Caregivers of Patients with Dementia

Abdel Aal, Mona Hassan

doi:10.21608/pssjn.2017.33087

Relation between Expressed Emotion and Burden among Family Caregivers of Patients with Dementia

Author

Mona Hassan Abdel Aal

Psychiatric / Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of nursing, Ain Shams University

10.21608/pssjn.2017.33087

Abstract

Background: Expressed emotion EE has been a useful construct for understanding the relationship between family interactions and their ill relative The aim: of the present study was to assess relation between expressed emotion and burden among family caregivers of patients with dementia. The study subjects: consisted of 50 caregivers caring for patients with dementia. The study conducted at outpatient clinic of El Abbassia mental health hospital. Three tools: of data collection were used, the first: interviewing questionnaire to assess sociodemographic characteristics of family caregivers having patient with dementia, the second: Expressed emotion (EE) scale to asses expressed emotion among family caregivers having ill relative with dementia, the third: Burden scale to asses burden among caregivers having ill relative with dementia. . This study highlighted several important result: First, caregivers of patient with dementia having high Expressed emotion. Second, the result also revealed statistical significant relation between caregiver 's Expressed emotion and burden in caring patient with dementia. The study concluded: that high Expressed emotion as criticism, hostility, over involvement were high among caregivers than low Expressed emotion that include warmth, and positive remarks. Recommendation was, Expressed emotion management strategies for caregivers having patient with dementia .

Keywords

Expressed Emotion – Burden – Family Caregivers –Dementia

References

Abyad A (2015):Alzheimer’s in the Middle East. JSM Alzheimer’s Dis Related Dementia 2(1): 1012.

Alzheimer’s Association. 2016: Alzheimer’s Disease Facts and Figures. Alzheimer’s & Dementia 2016;12(4).

Boyd, M. (2015): Psychiatric Nursing Contemporary Practice, 5^th ed, Wolters Kluwer, PP; 289.

Boyer, L., Caqueo-Urízar, A., Richieri, R., Lancon, C., Gutiérrez-

Maldonado, J., & Auquier, P. (2012):Quality of life among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia: A cross-cultural comparison of Chilean and French families. BMC Family Practice, 13, 42.

Braine, M. & Wray, J.( 2016):Supporting Families and Carers: A Nursing Perspective, CRC Press, PP105.

Breitborde, N. J. K., López, S. R., Chang, C., Kopelowicz, A., & Zarate, R. (2009). Emotional over-involvement can be deleterious for caregivers’ health: Mexican Americans caring for a relative with schizophrenia. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 44(9), 716-723.

Caqueo, A. Miranda, C. Lemos, S. lyn Lee, S. Ramírez, M. and Mascayano,F (2014):An updated review on burden on caregivers of schizophrenia patients. Psicothema 2014, Vol. 26, No. 2, 235-243.

Caqueo-Urízar, A., Gutiérrez-Maldonado, J., & Miranda-Castillo, C.(2009):Quality of life in caregivers of patients with schizophrenia: A

literature review. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 7, 84.

Cole, J. D., & Kazarian, S. S. (1988):The level of expressed emotion scale: A new measure of expressed emotion. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44(3), 392-397.

EL-MASRI,Y. (2011): Caregivers' Expressed Emotion in Response to Patient Psychiatric Symptoms. Med. J. Cairo Univ., Vol. 79, No. 2, March: 49-57, www.medicaljournalofcairouniversity.com.

Gnonlonfoun, D.D., Adjien, C., Ossou-Nguiet, P.M., Diallo, L.L., Houannou, O., Acakpo, J., Goudjinou, G., Houinato, D. and Avode, D.G. (2014): Prevalence of Dementia and Its Associated Factors in Cotonou Teaching Hospital, Benin. Advances in Alzheimer’s Disease, 3, 94-106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/aad.2014.32010.

Gutiérrez-Maldonado, J., Caqueo-Urízar, A., Ferrer-García, M., &Fernández-Davila, P. (2012):[Infl uence of perceived social supportand functioning on the quality of life of patients with schizophrenia and their caregivers]. Psicothema, 24(2), 255-262.

Hooley, J. and Parker, H.( 2006): Measuring Expressed Emotion: An Evaluation of the Shortcuts. Journal of Family Psychology, Vol. 20, No. 3, 386–396.

KIM H. , CHANG M. , ROSE K. & KIM S. (2011): Predictors of caregiver burden in caregivers of individuals with dementia. Journal of Advanced Nursing 68(4), 846–855. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05787.

La Fontaine, J., Jutlla, K., Read, K., Brooker, D., and Evans, S (2016):The Experiences, needs and Outcomes for Carers of People with Dementia. Literature Review. University of Worcester Association for Dementia Studies.

Lindquist, L( 2016):New Directions in Geriatric Medicine: Concepts, Trends, and Evidence- Based; 1^st ed; UKA; PP117.

López, S. R., Garcia, J. R., Ullman, J. B., Kopelowicz, A., Jenkins, J., Breitborde, N. J., & Placencia, P. (2009). Cultural variability in the manifestation of expressed emotion. Family Process, 48(2), 179-194.

Marudkar, M., (2007):Influence of the Carer’s Expressed Emotion on the Course and Twelve-month Outcome of Patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Doctorate Thesis of Philosophy at the University of Leicester Division of Psychiatry for the Elderly Department of Health Sciences University of Leicester.

Mohammed,H. Mourad,Gh. Elganzoury, G.(2016):Expressed emotion among Families Having Schizophrenic Patient. Master thesis, Faculty of Nursing, Ain Shams University.PP:92.

Moller-Leimkuhler, A.M., & Wiesheu, A. (2012). Caregiver burden in chronic mental illness: The role of patient and caregiver characteristics. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical, 262(2), 157-166.

Ola,B (2013):The Influence of Burden of Care and Perceived Stigma on Expressed emotion of Relatives of Stable Persons with Schizophrenia in Nigerian Semi-Urban/Urban Settings, Master's Dissertation in international Mental Health; Universidade Nova de Lisboa.

Osman, C.B., Alipah, B., Tutiiryani, M.D., & Ainsah, O. (2010):Depressive disorders and family functioning among the caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. East Asian Archives of Psychiatry, 20(3), 101-108.

Pratibha, SPK Jena, MS Bhatia(2012): Expressed Emotion Research in Severe Mental Illness., Delhi Psychiatry Journal Vol. 15 No.1.

Ribeiro, B.S.S., Rezende, L.K., Sa, S.P.C. and Machado, W.C.A. (2016): The Impact of Alzheimer’s Disease on the Life of Family Caregivers: A Phenomenological View. Open Journal of Nursing, 6, 333-341. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojn.2016.64035.

Richmond,( 2014):Dementia Care Best Practices In The Common Wealth., Report to Delegate Orrock, Chair House Committee on Health, Welfare and Institutions Virginia Department for Aging and Rehabilitative Services Commonwealth.

Shata ZN1*, El-Kady HM2, Ibrahim HK3 (2015):Reliability and Validity of an Arabic Version of Quality of life - Alzheimer Disease in Alexandria,

Egypt., . Int J Behav Res Psychol, 3(8), 157-163.

Souza,C. Gustavo, A. Cristina, S. and Assis, F (2016): Factors associated with the resilience of family caregivers of persons with dementia: a systematic review, Rev. Bras. Geriatr. Gerontol., Rio de Janeiro, 19(4):703-714.

Yin Li, Ch., (2013): Expressed Emotion, Depression, Burden, and Perceived Health in Family Caregivers of Older Adults with Dementia in Taiwan. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington.

Zarit, S. H., Reever, K. E., & Back-Peterson, J. (1980): Relatives of the impaired elderly: Correlates of feelings of burden. Gerontologist, 20(6), 649-655.