Neonatal Outcomes among Passive Smokers Pregnant Women

Ragab, Ayat Saad Abdel Samad

doi:10.21608/pssjn.2017.33097

Neonatal Outcomes among Passive Smokers Pregnant Women

Author

Ayat Saad Abdel Samad Ragab

Maternity, gynecology and Obstetrics Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Port Said University

10.21608/pssjn.2017.33097

Abstract

Background: Pregnancy is supposed to be a time of peace and safety. It is a time where the family turns its thoughts towards raising the next generation and growing a healthy baby. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess neonatal outcomes among passive smoker pregnant women. Subject and Methods: This case – control study carried out at delivery room in Al-Azhar University Hospital in new Damietta city. The study subjects were purposively selected and consisted of 216 pregnant women at labor which were categorized into 2 groups: exposed to passive smoking, not exposed to passive smoking.Tool for data collection were: An interview schedule and assessment sheet utilized to collect the necessary data. Results: The resultsof this study revealed about (76.9%) of women were exposed to passive smoking in their homes and (57.4%) the smokers were their husbands, (54.6%) of them had preterm birth,. A significant relation was found between the PS and related independent variables among the studied pregnant women. Recommendations: the study recommended the development and dissemination of training courses and education programs for workers in health care settings and antenatal clinics to raise awareness of the seriousness of exposure to PS among pregnant women and their families.
Conclusion: It was concluded that exposure to PS during pregnancy was common during pregnancy had adverse neonatal outcomes.

Keywords

References

Adgent MA. ,(2006): Environmental tobacco smoke and sudden infant death syndrome: a review. Birth Defects Res B DevReprod Toxicol;77,(1): P.p.69-85.

Amasha.H.A, Jaradeh.M.S (2012): Effect of Active and Passive smoking during pregnancy on its outcomes. Health Science Journal. 2(6) P.p.335-352.

Apgar, Virginia, (1953):A proposal for a new method of evaluation of the newborn infant (4) P.p.260–267.

Arffin F, Al-Bayaty FH, Hassan J. (2012): Environmental tobacco smoke and stress as risk factors for miscarriage and preterm births. Arch GynecolObstet, 111: P.p. 441-445.

Ashford KB, Hahn E, Hall L, Rayens MK, Noland M, Collins R.( 2010):Measuring prenatal secondhand smoke exposure in mother-baby Couplets. Nicotine Tob Res; 12(2): P.p. 127-135.

Back, W. (2010): Low Birth Weight. March of Dimes, Professionals and Researchers. Retrieved on March 8, 2016, from; http://www.marchofdimes.com/professionals/14332-1153.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP). 2011: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. “Safe Motherhood,” U.S. Department of Health and Human Services;23(45): P.p.461-465.

Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (2014):Smoking prevalence in Egypt. Retrieved from (http://www.CAPMAS.gov.eg). Arab republic of Egypt, May, 2016.

Colak O, Alataş O, Aydogdu S, UsluS(2002): Theeffectofsmokingonbone metabolism:maternalandcordbloodbonemarkerlevels.ClinBiochem.;5(3):247-250

Dejin-Karlsson, E., Hanson, B.S., Ostergren, P.O., Sjoberg, N.O., Marsal, K.,( 1998):Does passive smoking in early pregnancy increase the risk of small-for-gestational-age infants;88(10): P.p.1523-1527.

Eftekhar M, Pourmasumi S, ParvinSabeti, Mirhosseini F (2016). Relation of Second Hand Smoke and Effect on fetus. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 5, P.p.139-43.

Fantuzzi, G., Aggazzotti, G., Righi, E., Facchinetti, F., Bertucci, E., Kanitz, S. (2007): Preterm delivery and exposure to active and passive smoking during pregnancy: a case-control study from Italy. PaediatrPerinatEpidemiol; 21(3): P.p.194-200.

Faruque M. O., Khan M. R., Rahman, M. M., Ahmed ,F. (1995): Relationship between smoking and antioxidant nutrient status. British Journal of Nutrition; 73(4): P.p. 625–632.

Han, J.X., Gan, D.K., Zhai, G.R., Shi, Y. (2006):Case-control study on effect of passive smoking during different pregnancy term on small-for-gestational-age infants at term; 35(6): P.p.788-790.

Health UDO, Services H. (2006):The health consequences of involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke: a report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Coordinating Center for Health Promotion, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health;709(4): P.p.40-45.

JAddoe, V..W, Troe, E.J., Hofman, A., Mackenbach, J.P., Moll, H.A., Steegers, E.A.,Witteman, J.C.(2008):Active and passive maternal smoking during pregnancyand the risks of low birth weight and preterm birth: the Generation RStudy.PaediatrPerinat Epidemiol,22: P.p.162–171

Jauniaux, E.& Burton G.J. (2007):Morphological and biological effects of maternalexposure to tobacco smoke on the feto-placental unit. Early Hum Dev,83: P.p699–706.

Jones, L.L., Atkinson, O., Longman, J., Coleman, T., Mcneill, A., Lewis, S.A., (2011): The Motivators and Barriers to a Smoke-Free Home Among Disadvantaged Caregivers: Identifying the Positive Levers for Change. Nicotine & Tobacco Research . 13 (6): P.p.479-486.

Kallen, K. (2001): The impact of maternal smoking during pregnancy on delivery outcome. European Journal of Public Health;11(3): P.p 329-333.

Kristin B, Haddad L, Savage C. (2010): The influence of secondhand smoke exposure on birth outcomes in Jordan. Int. J Environ Res Public Health;7(2): P.p.616-634.

Król, M., Florek, E., Piekoszewski, W., Bokiniec, R.,Kornacka, M.K. (2012): The Influence of Prenatal Exposure to Tobacco Smoke on Neonatal Body Proportions.J Women’s Health Care 1:117.P.p.450-455.

Lee, N.L., Samet, J.M., Yang, G., g Zhou, M., Yang, J., Correa, A. and Lees, P.S.J.( 2012): Prenatal Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Infant Birth Weight in China. Public Health, 9, P.p.3398-3420.

Leonardi-Bee, .J, Smyth, A., Britton, J., Coleman T. ( 2008):Environmental tobacco smoke and fetal health. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed;93(5): P.p.351-361.

Llaquet H, Pichini S, Joya X, et al.(2010): Biological matrices for the evaluation of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke during prenatal life and childhood. Anal BioanalChem.396(1):379-399.

Meeker, J.D.; Benedict, M.D.( 2013): Infertility, Pregnancy Loss and Adverse Birth Outcomes in Relation to Maternal Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure.Curr.Womens Health Rev., 9, 41–49.

Metgud, W., Khabour, O.F., Alzoubi, K.H.(2012): Exposure of pregnant women to water pipe and cigarette smoke .Nicotine Tob Res;15: P.p.231–237

Mojibyan, M., Karimi, M., Bidaki, R., Rafiee, P., Zare, A.(2013).Exposure to Second-hand Smoke During Pregnancy and Preterm Delivery. International Journal High Risk Behavior Addict, 1(4): P.p.149-53.

Mostafa,R.(2011): Dilemma of women’s passive smoking. Annals of Thoracic Medicine, 6. (2): P.p.55-56.

National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), 2010: How to stop smoking in pregnancy and following childbirth. NICE public health guidance 26, London.P.p.67-77.

Negahban, T., Rezaieaan, M., Jaberi, A.A., Asmy, Z., Zarei, T. (2011): Inhalation of environmental tobacco smoke during pregnancy and birth outcomes of pregnant women referred to Niknafs hospital in 2009. J RUMS; 4(37): P.p.102-108.

Office for National Statistics (ONS) 2007: Results From the General Household Survey.GHS2007data.www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_compendia/GHS07/GeneralHouseholdSurvey2007.

Rogers. J.M,( 2009): Tobacco and pregnancy. Reprod Toxicol. 28(2):152-160.

Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) 2011:Placenta praevia, placenta praeviaaccreta and vasa praevia: diagnosis and management, 11:P.p.84–85.

Royal College of Physicians(RCP) 2010: Passive smoking and children. A report of the Tobacco Advisory Group of the Royal College of Physicians. London, 9:P.p.256–266.

Salmasi, G., Grady, R., Jones, J., McDonald, S.D., Knowledge Synth, G. (2010): Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and perinatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analyses. ActaObstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica;89(4): P.p.423-441.

Samper, M.P., Jiménez-Muro, A., Nerín, I., Marqueta, A., Ventura, P., (2012): Maternal active smoking and newborn body composition. Early Hum Dev 88: P.p. 141-145.

Shipton, D. (2009):Reliance on self-reported smoking in pregnancy underestimates smoking prevalence and reduces the reach of specialist cessation services: results from a retrospective, cross-sectional study. British Medical Journal, 339: P.p.4347-4351.

Steyn K, de Wet T., Saloojee, Y., Nel, H., Yach, D. (2006 ): The influence of maternal cigarette smoking, snuff use and passive smoking on pregnancy outcomes:the birth to ten studies.PaediatrPerinat Epidemiol,20: P.p.90-98.

Tsui, H.C., Wu, H.D., Lin, C.J., Wang, R.Y., Chiu, H.T., Cheng, Y.C. (2008): Prenatal smoking exposure and neonatal DNA damage in relation to birth outcomes. Pediatric Research; 64(2): P.p.131–134.

Vardavas, Constantine I., Chatzi, Leda; Patelarou, Evridiki; Plana, Estel; Sarri, Katerina; Kafatos, Anthony; Koutis, Antonis D., Kogevinas, Manolis (2010): Smoking and smoking cessation during early pregnancy and its effect on adverse pregnancy outcomes and fetal growth. European Journal of Pediatrics 169 (6): January 741–748.

Wadi MA, Al Sharbatti SS.(2011) :Relationship between birth weight and domestic maternal passive smoking exposure. East Mediterr Health J;17(4):290-296

Wahabi, H.A., Alzeidan, R.A., Fayed, A.A., Mandil, A., Al-Shaikh, G., Esmaeil, S.A. (2013): Effects of secondhand smoke on the birth weight of term infants and the demographic profile of Saudi exposedwomen.BMC Public Health,13: P.p.341-346.

World Health Organization (2009): Prevalence of Adults Exposed to Second-hand Tobacco Smoke in their Homes, in the countries that completed the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) and WHO step wise approach to surveillance surveys, 2008–2009

World Health Organization (WHO) 2011: WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic: "warning about the dangers of tobacco. Geneva, World Health Organization. 2:P.p.14–21.

Wagijo,l.(2015): Reducing tobacco smoking and smoke exposure to prevent preterm birth and its complications . Paediatr. Respir.Rev .(2015),http //dx.doi.org /10.1016/j.prrv.2015.09.002

Yao T, Lee AH, Mao Z.(2009):Potential unintended consequences of smoke-free policies in public places on pregnant women in China. Am J prev Med. 2009;37(2):159-164.