Mothers' Performance Regarding Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Their Children’s Adherence to Self-Care Practices

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 PortSaid University, Faculty of nursing

2 Faculty of nursing-Port-said university

3 faculty of nursing, portsaid university

10.21608/pssjn.2025.418772.1376

Abstract

Background: Children with Type I Diabetes Mellitus (CTIDM) have a distinct emerging life-long multi-treatment requires, which had been an increased ratio over the recent decades, underscores the importance of effective management through assessing mothers' performance represented by good knowledge level and adequate practices which by role affects the adherence level of their CT1DM self-care as a major core for preventing life-long consequences. Aim: To assess mothers’ knowledge and reported practices regarding type 1 diabetes mellitus and their children’s adherence to self-care practices. Subjects and Method: A correlational descriptive research design was utilized in this study at endocrinology Department at Pediatric Hospital in Mansoura University. A convenient consecutive sampling technique was used for 54 mother and their children. Three tools were used to gather the required data: Tool (1) mothers' knowledge questionnaire; (2) mothers reported practice questionnaire; (3) children self-care scale. Results: The study revealed that 100% of the studied mothers had poor level of total knowledge and inadequate reported practices and 61.1% of children not adhered to self-care, while 22.2 % partially adhered. Conclusion:  the total mothers' performance was unsatisfied and near two thirds of the children didn't adhere to self-care. Also, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between total mothers' reported practices with their level of knowledge and their children self-care adherence. Recommendations: Conducting diabetes-specific educational sessions based on daily real-life needs for both mothers and children related management of type one diabetes mellitus.
 

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Ahmed, L., Shafiq, M., & Khan, M. (2021). Psychological stress and coping among mothers of children with type 1 diabetes. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 26(1), 50–62.
Ali, A. J. I. (2013). Evaluating self-care practices of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Northern West Bank: A controlled randomized study utilizing Orem self-care theory (Master's thesis). An-Najah National University
Alotaibi, A., et al. (2021). Impact of structured diabetes education on parents of type 1 diabetic children. Pediatric Nursing Journal, 47(2), 114-121.
American Diabetes Association. (2023). Standards of medical care in diabetes 2023. Diabetes Care, 46(Supplement1), S1–S160.
Ayyavoo, A., Savage, T., Derraik, J. G., Hofman, P. L., & Cutfield, W. S. (2013). First-born children have reduced insulin sensitivity and higher daytime blood pressure compared to later-born children. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 98(3), 1248-1253.‏
Berk, L. E. (2022). Development through the lifespan (7th ed.). Pearson Education.
Bingley, P. J., Douek, I. F., Rogers, C. A., Gale, E. A. M. (2000). Influence of maternal age at delivery and birth order on risk of type 1 diabetes in childhood: prospective population based family study. BMJ, 327(7421), 1284–1289. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.327.7421.1284
Boyd, D., & Bee, H. (2019). Lifespan development (7th ed.). Pearson Education.
DiMeglio, L. A., Evans-Molina, C., & Oram, R. A. (2022). Type 1 diabetes. The Lancet, 400(10350), 2399–2412.
El-Gamal, R., & Hassan, A. (2021). Socioeconomic implications of type 1 diabetes in Egyptian households. Middle East Journal of Family Medicine, 19(3), 30-37.
El-Ziny, M. A., Salem, N. A., El-Hawary, A. K., Chalaby, N. M., & Elsharkawy, A. A. (2020). Epidemiology of childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus in Nile Delta, Egypt: A retrospective study. Global Pediatric Health, 7, 2333794X20963404.
Endocrine Society. (2013). Birth order linked to increased risk of diabetes, metabolic disorders. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 98(2), 459–467. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2012-3531
Fernandez, N., Woods, R., & Salim, A. (2022). Parenting strategies and adherence to diabetes self-care in children: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatrics, 22(1), 183.
Johnson, K. M., Brown, T. J., & Ali, S. (2023). Transition of care in pediatric diabetes: the role of family dynamics. Journal of Adolescent Health, 72(1), 35–42.
Jones, H. C., Thompson, L., & Davis, R. (2019). Parental responses to childhood chronic illness: A qualitative analysis. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 44(5), 540-552.
Jones, M., Brown, H., & Davis, T. (2022). Correlation between caregiver knowledge and diabetes care practice. Diabetes Educator, 48(1), 37-45.
Kim, H., & Lee, S. (2020). Family involvement in pediatric diabetes self-care:
Lee, M., Gonzalez, C., & Patel, S. (2021). Parental knowledge and glycemic control in children with type 1 diabetes: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 180, 109036.
Martin, R. J., & Hayes, L. E. (2022). Maternal impact on pediatric diabetes outcomes: a longitudinal cohort analysis. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 65, 10–17.
McKinney, J., & Peterson, M. (2021). Pediatric chronic illness and family care. Mosby Elsevier.
Miller, R., & Wong, D. (2019). Transitioning self-care in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Journal of Adolescent Health, 65(5), 543–549.
Palmer, J. P., Gitelman, S. E., & Gottlieb, P. A. (2021). Advances in the understanding and management of type 1 diabetes. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, 9(6), 360-370.
Rahman, H., AlShammari, R., & Zahrani, S. (2020). Cultural influences on diabetes care among mothers in Arab communities: barriers and recommendations. International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries, 40(3), 468–475.
Smith, L., & Patel, R. (2020). Parental education and chronic illness management in children. Journal of Family Health, 36(4), 250-257.
Vinci, A., Barrett, E., & Nguyen, M. (2023). Pediatric diabetes management: emerging tools and parental engagement. Pediatric Diabetes, 24(2), 150-159.
Virmani A, Boddu SK, Sarda A, Shukla R, Puri  S, Chhabra M, et al.: Type 1 diabetes self-care in urban schools in India. J. Pediatric Endocrinol Diabetes 2021;1:8-13.
WHO. (2023). Global report on diabetes care and caregiver involvement. Geneva: World Health Organization.
World Health Organization. (2020). Health workforce policy and management in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic response. Geneva: WHO.
Port Said Scientific Journal of Nursing
Volume 12, Issue 3
September 2025
Pages 92-117

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics